When the myosin head is ”tense”, it contains energy and is in a high-energy configuration. This energy is consumed when the myosin head moves through the power stroke; At the end of the coup, the myosin head is in a low-energy position. After the coup, ADP is released; However, the formed transverse bridge is still present, and actin and myosin are connected to each other. ATP can then attach to myosin, allowing the transverse bridge cycle to begin again and additional muscle contraction (Figure 11.30). It is a group of hereditary diseases in which the muscles that control movement gradually weaken. The prefix dys- stands for abnormal, while the root -trophy refers to maintaining a normal diet, structure and function. The most common form in children is called Duchenne muscular dystrophy and affects only men. It usually appears between the ages of 2 and 6 and those affected usually live from late adolescence to early 20s. Skeletal muscles are the main functional unit of muscles. There are more than 600 muscles in the human body. Their size varies greatly, the smallest being the stapedian muscle of the inner ear and the largest being the quadriceps femmoris muscle of the thigh.

Wondering what is the best way to learn and understand the functional anatomy of muscles? Check out our 3D muscle anatomy videos! The structural classification of joints divides them into fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints. The bones of the fibrous joints are held together by the fibrous connective tissue. Cartilage joints are joints in which bones are connected by cartilage. Synovial joints are joints that have a space between adjacent bones. The movement of the synovial joints includes the angular and rotating joints. Angular movements occur when the angle between the bones of a joint changes. Rotational motion is the movement of a bone when it rotates around its own longitudinal axis. The hyoid bone is located under the lower jaw at the front of the neck.

It acts as a mobile base for the tongue and is connected to the muscles of the jaw, larynx and tongue. The lower jaw forms a joint with the base of the skull. The lower jaw controls the opening of the mouth and therefore the respiratory tract and intestines. Musculature is an organ system made up of specialized contractile tissue called muscle tissue. There are three types of muscle tissue that divide all muscles into three groups: for a muscle cell to contract, the sarcoma must shorten. However, thick and thin filaments – the components of sarcomeres – do not shorten. Instead, they slide on top of each other, shortening the sarcoma while keeping the filaments of the same length. The slippery filament theory of muscle contraction was developed to account for the differences observed in the ligaments mentioned on the sarcomere at different degrees of muscle contraction and relaxation. The mechanism of contraction is the binding of myosin to actin, forming transverse bridges that produce filament movement (Figure 11.29). Both during movement and in stationary positions, muscles contribute to the overall support and stability of the joints. Many muscles and their tendons pass through the joints, stabilizing the guided bones and holding them in position.

In addition, muscles also play an important role in maintaining posture. While the movements are mainly done by intermittent contraction and relaxation of the muscles, the posture is maintained by a persistent tonic contraction of the postural muscles. These muscles work against gravity and stabilize the body when standing or walking. Postural muscles include the back muscles and abdominal muscles. The most important property of skeletal muscles is their ability to contract. Muscle contraction occurs as a result of the interaction of myofibrils in muscle cells. This process shortens the muscle or increases its tension, creating a force that facilitates or slows down a movement. Structurally, skeletal muscles are made up of skeletal muscle cells called mycytics (muscle fibers or myofibrils). Muscle fibers are specialized cells, the main feature of which is the ability to contract. They are elongated, cylindrical, multinucleated cells bounded by a cell membrane called sarkolemma. The cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers (sarcoplasma) contains contractile proteins called actin and myosin. These proteins are arranged in patterns and form the units of the contractile microform apparatus called sarcomeres.

When actin binding sites are exposed, a transverse bridge is formed; That is, the myosin head covers the distance between the actin and myosin molecules. .